Jose A. Cortes-Briones
John D. Cahill
Patrick D. Skosnik
Daniel H. Mathalon
Ashley Williams
R. Andrew Sewell
Brian J. Roach
Judith M. Ford
Mohini Ranganathan
Deepak Cyril D’Souza
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Abstract
Background
Drugs that induce psychosis may do so by increasing the level of task-irrelevant random neural activity or neural noise. Increased levels of neural noise have been demonstrated in psychotic disorders. We tested the hypothesis that neural noise could also be involved in the psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the principal active constituent of cannabis.
Methods
Neural noise was indexed by measuring the level of randomness in the electroencephalogram during the prestimulus baseline period of an oddball task using Lempel-Ziv complexity, a nonlinear measure of signal randomness. The acute, dose-related effects of Δ9-THC on Lempel-Ziv complexity and signal power were studied in humans (n = 24) who completed 3 test days during which they received intravenous Δ9-THC (placebo, .015 and .03 mg/kg) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design.
Results
THC increased neural noise in a dose-related manner. Furthermore, there was a strong positive relationship between neural noise and the psychosis-like positive and disorganization symptoms induced by Δ9-THC, which was independent of total signal power. Instead, there was no relationship between noise and negative-like symptoms. In addition, Δ9-THC reduced total signal power during both active drug conditions compared with placebo, but no relationship was detected between signal power and psychosis-like symptoms.
Conclusions
At doses that produced psychosis-like effects, Δ9-THC increased neural noise in humans in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, increases in neural noise were related with increases in Δ9-THC-induced psychosis-like symptoms but not negative-like symptoms. These findings suggest that increases in neural noise may contribute to the psychotomimetic effects of Δ9-THC.
